The Difference Between Natural Cowhide And Artificial Leather Needs To Be Understood.

Dermis

It is made up of upper, bottom, outsole, heel, main heel, Baotou, hook heart, decoration and so on. It has adhesive, molding, vulcanizing, sewing shoes and travel shoes.

That is, cowhide, sheepskin, pig skin, mule horse skin, camel skin, snake Python skin, shark skin and so on. Synthetic leather has synthetic leather, synthetic leather and regenerated leather.

Leather fabric

To identify leather shoes, first of all, check the upper leather material and determine the type of leather. If you use the "genuine leather" grain surface, the leather with original natural characteristics is not modified. The pores of the cowhide are small, irregular and even. The goat's fur is lined in rows like "tile shaped". The pigskin has three holes and a pile of characters. The yellow cattle skin has fine tissue fibers, rough buffalo skins and large pores.

　　天然皮革熟制成革,牛皮一般在5～6mm厚,制鞋要用片皮机分成两层,表层是粒面层,组织纤维细致紧密,光滑美观,强度,耐磨性都好;里层是绒面层,纤维粗,间隙大,表面有绒毛.头层革比二层革表面光滑平展,二层革略显粗糙.二层革经涂饰,移膜或贴膜可使表面 看不出粗糙,但移膜革耐低温性差,温度低时易发生折皱.牛皮二层革平展,压花后无明显 缺陷,而猪皮二层革往往隐约可见三个一堆的毛孔眼,该处光泽发暗.区分修面革和正面革 时要注意,修面革是破坏了原有的粒面层,然后压的花纹,花纹种类可仿牛,羊,猪皮等, 但花纹无毛孔眼,花纹是浮在皮表层上,而正面革毛孔眼是存在的,仔细观察可以辨认出来。

是在布底基上涂饰了一层有机材料,分薄(仿羊革),厚(上涂发泡有机材料,再压上 花纹)两型,多用于女鞋,童鞋.合成革是用有机纤维压制后,加上涂饰层压花后制成的鞋面革,多用于凉鞋.再生革是将皮渣,皮纤维磨碎,经高压用粘合剂粘合,形成片状,然后 经片皮机片到需要厚度,再进行涂饰,使它具有一定皮革特性,大量用于箱包皮件,少量用 来制鞋.区别真皮和人造材料时先看外观,真皮无底基,人造材料有底基.再用手摸,人造 材料塑料感非常强,光泽亮,冬天手摸有冷凉感,真皮光滑手摸无冷凉感.用拇指压成品鞋 前面较软部分,在拇指周围真皮会出现许多碎小,均匀花纹,拇指抬开,花纹消失;而人造 材料可能没有花纹,也可能会出现粗大纹路,拇指抬开,花纹并不消失,说明材料表面的粒 面层和下面的网状层已经脱开了,用这种面料制成的皮鞋不合格。

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Identification of leather shoes or artificial leather shoes can also observe the cross section of the upper leather. The cross section of the leather shoes is irregular fibers. After scraping the broken leather fibers with fingernails, there is no obvious change in the cross section. For the leather shoes, different parts of the texture are irregular, nose smell and smell, and the artificial leather is sniffed with plastic or rubber flavour. The texture rules of all parts are consistent.

Two. Leather shoes, shoes, hooks and shoes.

Leather and shoes are made of natural leather and cotton cloth, and shoes are made of low-grade products. The bottom of the shoe is the bottom of the pond. When the inspection is done, the shoes will be folded to 90 degrees. They can not be cracked. Some of the fake and inferior shoes are not qualified. The bottom of the recycled leather pond and the cardboard non-woven fabric pond are low. The latex content of the materials is low, and the sweat is softened. The steel plate of the sole of the shoe, a bridge between the bottom and the outsole, may be worn out of the bottom of the pond and hurt the sole of the foot. The shoe lining of leather shoes is to prevent extended deformation and improve the foot touch.

The length of the hook, the width, the elastic modulus and so on are all stipulated by the national standard after the deformation of the external force. There must be a certain degree of elasticity and steel property. The material must be made of 65 manganese steel, and the elastic limit load is not less than 290N.

Check the upper sewn suture and upper, when the soles are glued together, see if there is any breakage and stitching is regular and neat. For the adhesive shoes, the bonding parts of the shoe bottom should be glued and leveled without a groove, without any cracks and glue opening. Adhesive shoes peel strength men's shoes 54N/cm, women's shoes 40 ~ 49N/cm, the initial appearance of glue on the test machine (that is, the deformation of external joints, the deformation of the adhesive joints at the outsides), that is, unqualified.

Three, leather shoes soles

The leather sole is made of rubber, imitation leather, plastic, rubber and plastic sole. The rubber soles are soft, elastic, skid resistant, wearable, heat-resistant, cold resistant and slightly heavier. The imitation leather is light, stiff, wearable and flexural, but it has poor elasticity and no skid resistance. The plastic bottom is wear-resistant, the appearance is smooth and smooth, the color is bright, the skid resistance is not cold, and the cold resistance is poor. The rubber and plastic sole has the advantages of two kinds of rubber, plastic, wear-resisting, good elasticity and soft. It is the first choice for the middle and high grade shoes.

　　真皮皮鞋的外底前脚掌着力部分厚度标准,要求应达到外底总厚度的2/3,检验时要同时计算外底 着力部分内外两种花纹深度相加起来,不得超过外底总厚度的1/3,如果达不到这一条标准 ,可以判定伪劣鞋.除厚度外,鞋底还应有耐折,耐磨性能.由于鞋底一般是由高分子材料 制成,检验时根据国家标准在专用耐折试验机上进行耐折性能测试,鞋底受到一定频率,一 定角度,一定次数屈折后,按不同品种,鞋底裂开长度不大于40,15,12mm.鞋底耐磨性检 验根据国家标准,在专用耐磨试验仪上进行,使被检鞋底与一个标准磨轮接触,并受到一定压力,磨轮以一定速度旋转,经一定磨损时间,按不同品种,磨痕长度不大于16,12,10mm 为合格.对旅游鞋的外中底和外底之间要求一定粘合强度,测试时在万能材料试验机或拉力 试验机上进行,粘合强度不小于20N/cm为合格。

Four. Leather shoes heel.

When the shoes are fixed, they will be clamped and pulled to see how much pulling force can be taken. The standard of the heel of leather shoes is that when the visual inspection is done, break the heel with the hands and observe the deformation of the mouth (the outer part and the connecting part of the heel). If the deformation is large, the heel may have problems, and then remove the insole. If the heel is installed above.4cm, the high heel must be fixed with a wooden screw. The whole fastness of the heel depends on the internal wooden screws and several wooden nails.

Five, leather shoes shape

The left and right sides should be swaying. The size of the inside and outside edges of the sole should be different from that of the table. The shoe should be straight and straight. It should not be inclined to the outside or inside. Third, look at the upper part of the shoe from the upside down, look at the symmetry of the upper part and the deformation of the shoe, and take the straight line between the tip of the shoe and the middle point of the heel as the symmetrical axis. See whether the components on the vamp are right, and the symmetry between the inside and outside is not symmetrical. Place your shoes on the counter or glass panel at random to see if the shoes are stable. When shoes are placed on the table, they should be stopped immediately.

The appearance inspection of shoes should also pay attention to the fact that the face is not allowed to have obvious injuries, loose surfaces, coating layers, shedding, cracking and discoloration. The overall structure of shoes should be straight and flat, and the shoes should not be exposed. The same parts of the two shoes should be symmetrical. The hardness, color and structure of the shoes should be consistent. The length of the front shoe and the height of the back should not be significantly different.

Six. Hand test dermis

　　用手触摸鞋的内腔,看鞋里是否有凹凸不平现象.凡是能接触脚的地方不能凹凸不平,不然脚会起泡,且一般情况下鞋内必须有鞋垫.鞋垫可以保持鞋内清洁,且覆盖内底上极个别不 平钉眼.一般情况下,男鞋为半截鞋垫,女鞋应是整体鞋垫.再用手掐鞋帮后跟部位,看是否硬挺而有弹性,不能过硬,否则伤及脚踝.鞋的内底是鞋的躯干与骨架,用力按压腰当内 底,以纹丝不动为好.用食指的指尖朝下接触鞋的内底,让食指靠近外踝部的鞋帮,看食指 的第二指关节线是否与外踝帮高度一致.一般生活用鞋,社交礼仪鞋,时装鞋以略高于食指 第二指关节线为好;低腰运动鞋和休闲鞋的后帮上均为软口的结构,其外 踝帮高可以略高于 食指第二指关节线。

Use the middle finger tip to insert the front toe sole to see if the height is suitable. When the tip of the shoe tip is just enough for the middle finger to indicate the thickness of the belly, it indicates that the front toe of the shoe tip is being qualified. When the toe of the shoe tip is too large, the smoothness decreases; after an hour, the shoe is easily deformed and the foot is easily fatigued.